Papers with text generation models
TextBox: A Unified, Modularized, and Extensible Framework for Text Generation (2021.acl-demo)
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Junyi Li, Tianyi Tang, Gaole He, Jinhao Jiang, Xiaoxuan Hu, Puzhao Xie, Zhipeng Chen, Zhuohao Yu, Wayne Xin Zhao, Ji-Rong Wen
| Challenge: | TextBox is an open-source text generation framework that is modularized and extensible. |
| Approach: | They propose to provide a unified, modularized, and extensible text generation framework that implements 21 text generation models on 9 benchmark datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework implements 21 models on 9 benchmark datasets and is available under the Apache License 2.0 license. |
Do Large Multimodal Models Solve Caption Generation for Scientific Figures? Lessons Learned from SciCap Challenge 2023 (2026.tacl-1)
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Ting-Yao Hsu, Yi-Li Hsu, Shaurya Rohatgi, Chieh-Yang Huang, Ho Yin Sam Ng, Ryan Rossi, Sungchul Kim, Tong Yu, Lun-Wei Ku, Clyde Lee Giles, Ting-Hao Huang
| Challenge: | SciCap dataset launched in 2021 aims to generate high-quality captions for scientific figures. |
| Approach: | They propose to use the SciCap dataset to develop models for captioning diverse figure types across various academic fields. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models showed impressive performance on the SciCap dataset and in various vision-and-language tasks. |
Improving the Calibration of Confidence Scores in Text Generation Using the Output Distribution’s Characteristics (2025.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for estimating confidence in text generation do not account for many valid answers in generation tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose task-agnostic confidence metrics that rely solely on model probabilities without the need for further fine-tuning or heuristics. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models improve the accuracy of BART and Flan-T5 on summarization, translation, and question answering datasets. |
Belief-based Generation of Argumentative Claims (2021.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to generate argument with the ability to encode beliefs are limited by the noise generated by the automatic collection of bag-of-words. |
| Approach: | They propose to augment argument generation technology with ability to encode beliefs . they model users' beliefs via their stances on big issues and extend text generation models with extra input reflecting user's beliefs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach is low in effectiveness because of the noise produced by the automatic collection of bag-of-words. |
WeCheck: Strong Factual Consistency Checker via Weakly Supervised Learning (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing factual consistency metrics are often uncontrollably generating text that is factually inconsistent with inputs. |
| Approach: | They propose a weakly supervised framework that is directly trained on actual generated samples from language models with weakly annotated labels. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves on the TRUE benchmark by 3.3% over existing methods with 435M parameters. |
CHARD: Clinical Health-Aware Reasoning Across Dimensions for Text Generation Models (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that pretrained language models can act as knowledge bases and reason like humans. |
| Approach: | They propose to use pretrained language models to generate free-flow textual explanations about 52 health conditions across three clinical dimensions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can generate concise and readable text, but can be improved on medical accuracy and QA. |
Directed Acyclic Transformer Pre-training for High-quality Non-autoregressive Text Generation (2023.tacl-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing non-AutoRegressive (NAR) text generation models lack proper pre-training, making them far behind pre-trained autoregressive models. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel pre-training task to promote prediction consistency in non-autoregressive (NAR) generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing pre-trained models and achieves 17 times speedup in throughput. |
QTSumm: Query-Focused Summarization over Tabular Data (2023.emnlp-main)
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Yilun Zhao, Zhenting Qi, Linyong Nan, Boyu Mi, Yixin Liu, Weijin Zou, Simeng Han, Ruizhe Chen, Xiangru Tang, Yumo Xu, Dragomir Radev, Arman Cohan
| Challenge: | Existing text generation systems that can provide accurate table summaries can facilitate more efficient access to relevant data insights. |
| Approach: | They propose a query-focused task where text generation models have to perform human-like reasoning and analysis over the given table to generate a tailored table summary. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves existing baselines on table-to-text generation and large language models by concatenating generated facts to the model input. |
Fiction-Writing Mode: An Effective Control for Human-Machine Collaborative Writing (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated an exceptional aptitude for generating text with an exceptional degree of fluency and structure. |
| Approach: | They propose to integrate writing skills curricula into human-machine collaborative writing scenarios by adding writing modes as a control for text generation models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used to generate narrative fiction with a high level of accuracy and similarity with the professionally written target story. |
Entity-Based Semantic Adequacy for Data-to-Text Generation (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing pre-trained language models have improved the fluency of text generation systems, but semantic adequacy remains an unsolved issue. |
| Approach: | They propose an automatic evaluation metric to assess to what extent models that verbalise RDF graphs produce text that contains mentions of entities occurring in the input. |
| Outcome: | The proposed metric can be used to assess to what extent generation models verbalise RDF graphs produce text that contains mentions of the entities occurring in the input. |
ASEM: Enhancing Empathy in Chatbot through Attention-based Sentiment and Emotion Modeling (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing models lack feature representations that capture the deep semantics of language and sensitivity to minor input variations, resulting in significant changes in the generated text. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end model architecture called ASEM that performs emotion analysis on top of sentiment analysis for open-domain chatbots. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models for generating empathetic embeddings, providing e-mpathetic and diverse responses. |
CommonGen: A Constrained Text Generation Challenge for Generative Commonsense Reasoning (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show that pre-trained language models perform well on commonsense-reasoning benchmark datasets, but building machines with commonsence to compose plausible sentences remains challenging. |
| Approach: | They propose a constrained text generation task for generative commonsense reasoning that generates a coherent sentence using common concepts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task generates a coherent sentence describing an everyday scenario using common concepts over 35k concept-sets. |
Learning Visual-Semantic Embeddings for Reporting Abnormal Findings on Chest X-rays (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on report generation often trains encoder-decoder networks to generate complete reports, but such models are affected by data bias and face common issues inherent in text generation models. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to identify abnormal findings from radiology images and group them with unsupervised clustering and minimal rules. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing generation models on correctness and text generation metrics. |
Backdoor NLP Models via AI-Generated Text (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing attacks disregard fluency and semantic fidelity of poisoned text, rendering it easily detectable. |
| Approach: | They propose to use AI-generated poisoned text to attack NLP models by establishing covert associations between trigger patterns and target labels without affecting normal accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves effective attacks while maintaining fluency and semantic similarity across all scenarios. |
OTTers: One-turn Topic Transitions for Open-Domain Dialogue (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | a mixed-initiative dialogue system is often purely responsive, make abrupt transitions, or fail to take initiative. |
| Approach: | They propose a task to generate a "bridging" utterance connecting a new topic to the previous conversation turn. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task generates a "bridging" utterance connecting a new topic to the previous topic. |
Graphine: A Dataset for Graph-aware Terminology Definition Generation (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Lack of large-scale terminology definition dataset hinders definition generation . lack of precise terminology definitions poses great challenges in scientific communication . |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale terminology definition dataset Graphine that exploits the graph structure of terminologies to generate graph-aware text generation models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models by exploiting graph structure of terminologies. |
Evaluating Factuality in Generation with Dependency-level Entailment (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing text generation models produce text that is factually inconsistent with information in the input. |
| Approach: | They propose a new formulation of entailment that decomposes it at the level of dependency arcs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can identify factual errors better than sentence-level methods and question generation methods while localizing the erroneous parts of the generation. |
Trade-Offs Between Fairness and Privacy in Language Modeling (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing research suggests that privacy preservation comes at the price of worsening biases in classification tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to incorporate privacy preservation and de-biasing techniques into training text generation models to investigate the trade-off between the two dimensions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on bias detection, privacy attacks, language modeling, and performance on downstream tasks. |
Label-Efficient Model Selection for Text Generation (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Model selection for a given task can entail extensive annotation of the quality of outputs of different models. |
| Approach: | They propose a model-agnostic method to make an informed decision between candidate text generation models based on preference annotations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the required number of annotations by up to 75% while maintaining high evaluation reliability. |
monoQA: Multi-Task Learning of Reranking and Answer Extraction for Open-Retrieval Conversational Question Answering (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to the Conversational Question Answering task have used multi-task learning to solve the task. |
| Approach: | They propose to use multi-task learning to improve the ORConvQA task by sharing the reranker and reader’s learned structure in a generative model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline models on the OR-QuAC and OR-CoQA datasets and significantly outperformed existing strong baseline models. |
Understanding Neural Abstractive Summarization Models via Uncertainty (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in abstractive summarization have been fueled by the advent of large-scale Transformers pre-trained on autoregressive language modeling objectives. |
| Approach: | They analyze summarization decoders in both blackbox and whitebox ways by studying on the entropy, or uncertainty, of the model’s token-level predictions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model generates tokens in a free-form manner, but this flexibility makes it difficult to interpret their behavior. |
Efficient (Soft) Q-Learning for Text Generation with Limited Good Data (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is the predominant method for training text generation models. |
| Approach: | They propose a new RL formulation for text generation from the soft Q-learning perspective using path consistency learning to combine the best of on-/off-policy updates and learn effectively from sparse reward. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms MLE and previous RL methods in a wide range of tasks. |
Automated Chess Commentator Powered by Neural Chess Engine (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to generate chess commentary are limited in template variety and are not precise enough. |
| Approach: | They propose a neural chess engine into text generation models to help with encoding boards, predicting moves, and analyzing situations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be trained to generate chess commentary texts in 5 categories . the results are both automatic and human evaluations of the model . |
ExplaGraphs: An Explanation Graph Generation Task for Structured Commonsense Reasoning (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Current commonsense-reasoning tasks are discriminative in nature, where a model answers a multiple-choice question for a certain context. |
| Approach: | They propose a generative task that generates a commonsense-augmented graph for stance prediction by using a create-verify-and-refine graph collection framework. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is able to generate a graph that serves as non-trivial, complete, and unambiguous explanation for the predicted stance. |
GADFA: Generator-Assisted Decision-Focused Approach for Opinion Expressing Timing Identification (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing models generate text on demand, but in real-life situations, individuals do not continuously generate text or voice opinions. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel task to identify news-triggered opinion expressing timing by using a dataset generated by professional stock analysts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can generate opinion on stock analysts' actions and improves performance in various opinion understanding tasks. |
Explicit Syntactic Guidance for Neural Text Generation (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing text generation models follow the sequence-to-sequence paradigm . generative grammar suggests humans generate language by learning language grammar . |
| Approach: | They propose a syntax-guided generation schema that searches the syntax tree in a top-down direction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms autoregressive baselines on paraphrase generation and machine translation. |
Language Models for Text Classification: Is In-Context Learning Enough? (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing research on text classification models with prompts is limited in scale and lacks understanding of how these methods compare to more established methods. |
| Approach: | They compare the performance of large and smaller language models with prompts to achieve state-of-the-art performance in many NLP tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models outperform the more standard approaches in binary, multiclass, and multilabel tasks in a large scale evaluation of 16 text classification datasets. |
SciNews: From Scholarly Complexities to Public Narratives – a Dataset for Scientific News Report Generation (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Scientific news reports are a bridge between academic and scientific publications . however, the pursuit of automated news reports faces challenges due to the insufficient availability of parallel corpora. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a corpus of scientific news reports to facilitate this paradigm development . they highlight the divergences in readability and brevity between scientific news narratives and academic manuscripts . |
| Outcome: | The proposed corpus includes academic publications and scientific news reports across nine disciplines. |